Dec 01, 2017 1. Introduction. Fly ash (FA) is a silico-aluminate rich pozzolanic powdery material formed during the combustion of the pulverized coal. FA was used primarily as a supplementary material for the replacement of ordinary Portland cement to produce concretes with the low carbon dioxide footprint (Mehta, 2004).FA was also converted into geopolymer precursor as an additive binder for the